Despite her famous antagonism toward Freudian psychoanalysis as she understood it in the 1920s and 30s, Willa Cather’s work and her comments about writing indicated a profound acceptance of the central Freudian structures of the unconscious, repression, repetition, and substitution. This essay examines Freud and Cather as similar figures in the emerging world of western modernism and popular “psychoanalytic culture.”