This work is the first English translation of the standard work by Octave Ferreux on the history of the Congregation of the Mission (the Vincentians) in China. It covers the years of the arrival of the first Vincentians beginning in 1699, as sent by the Holy See, to the succession by the Vincentians of the Jesuit missions. It concludes with the change of government under the Communist party, together with the expulsion of foreign missionaries. An appendix presents a view of the controversial confrere Vincent Lebbe broader and more inclusive than Ferreux's account.