An earlier study showed that the amphipod crustacean Melita nitida Smith maintained on sediments dosed with waste crankcase oil developed physiological and morphological abnormalities. Most notably, mature females developed abnormal setae along the edges of their brood plates. The present study was conducted to determine whether similar abnormalities might be induced in animals maintained on polluted field sediments containing petroleum by-products among other toxic substances. In the laboratory, heterosexual pairs were maintained on three sediments taken from Jamaica Bay (New York) plus one control sediment and one toxic substratum (Ulva lactuca (L.) thalli). The results mirrored the results of the previous study. Under controlled conditions brood production was reduced on polluted sediments by as much as 57% and a greater proportion of females maintained on polluted sediments developed abnormal brood plate setae. In contrast, while brood production was lower in females exposed to U. lactuca than on the control sediment, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the number of females that developed abnormal brood plates.