We provide an ex post econometric examination of the harmonisation and tightening of the EU maximum residue limit (MRL) on aflatoxins in 2002, and its impact on African exports of groundnut products. We find no evidence of the EU MRL having a significant negative trade impact on these groundnut exports from Africa across various methods of estimation. African domestic supply plays an important role in the determination of the volumes of trade and the propensity to trade. Our findings suggest that the trade potential of African groundnut exporters is more constrained by domestic supply issues rather than by limited market access.