Sensitive detection of heavy metal ions in water is of great importance considering the effects that heavy metals have on public health. A developed fluidized bed enrichment technique was used to concentrate and detect low concentrations of Cu2+, Co2+, and Ni2+ in water samples by near-IR diffuse reflectance (NIDR) spectroscopy (NIDRS) directly without using any chemicals or reagents. The NIDR spectra of adsorbent were measured on-line, and quantitative detection was achieved by applying a built partial least-squares chemometric model. Sensitivity and accuracy was improved significantly because large-volume mixture solutions were used in the enrichment process. Root mean square error of cross-validation values for Cu2+, Co2+, and Ni2+ were 0.29, 0.41, and 0.35 μg/mL, respectively, with mean relative error values in the acceptable range of 6.56-10.27%. This study confirms the potential application of fluidized bed enrichment combined with NIDRS and chemometrics for the simultaneous detection of trace heavy metal ions in water, with low relative error.
- Errors,
- Heavy metals,
- Infrared devices,
- Least squares approximations,
- Mean square error,
- Metal ions,
- Metals,
- Nickel,
- Reflection,
- Trace elements,
- Chemometric modeling,
- Enrichment techniques,
- Near infrared diffuse reflectance,
- Partial least square (PLS),
- Quantitative detection,
- Root mean square errors,
- Simultaneous detection,
- Simultaneous enrichment,
- Fluidized beds,
- cation exchange resin,
- cobalt,
- copper,
- divalent cation,
- nickel,
- water,
- analysis,
- chemistry,
- least square analysis,
- near infrared spectroscopy,
- pH,
- water pollutant,
- Cation Exchange Resins,
- Cations,
- Divalent,
- Cobalt,
- Copper,
- Hydrogen-Ion Concentration,
- Least-Squares Analysis,
- Nickel,
- Spectroscopy,
- Near-Infrared,
- Water,
- Water Pollutants,
- Chemical
Available at: http://works.bepress.com/jibran-iqbal/13/