To solve the growing pollution issues, it is a promising alternative to develop efficient sunlight-driven photocatalysts for purifying organic wastewater. Herein, we report a new and efficient full-spectrum-responsive photocatalyst composed of Bi2S3 nanotubes incorporated with carbon quantum dots (C-dots) for rapidly degrading methylene blue (MB) and tetracycline hydrochloride (TC). Compared with naked Bi2S3 nanotubes, the as-prepared Bi2S3/C-dot nanohybrids show a remarkably higher photocatalytic efficiency for degrading MB or TC under ultraviolet (UV-), visible (vis-) and near-infrared (NIR-) light irradiation within 5 minutes. A possible mechanism is proposed for the enhanced photocatalytic activity of the Bi2S3/C-dot nanohybrids. A lower band gap as well as a wider absorbance in the UV-, vis- and NIR-regions can increase the light harvesting ability of the Bi2S3/C-dots. Meanwhile, the existence of C-dots can facilitate the charge separation of the photo-generated electron/hole pairs while electrons transfer from Bi2S3 to C-dots. Besides, an increased surface area of the Bi2S3/C-dot nanohybrids also contributes to the excellent photocatalytic activity.