This chapter will focus on the regulation of derivative instruments by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission ("CFTC") under the Commodity Exchange Act of 1936 ("CEA") and the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") under the federal securities laws. This chapter will describe and define the various derivative instruments that are subject to regulation under those regulatory schemes. This chapter also describes various aspects of the regulation of derivative instruments and compares the regulatory schemes of the CFTC and SEC. The jurisdiction of those two agencies is increasingly overlapping, but their regulatory structures have significant differences in providing customer protection and in the regulation of industry participants. This chapter will further describe amendments to the CEA by the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 ("Dodd-Frank Act"). The Dodd-Frank Act broadly regulated over-the counter instruments such as swaps that had previously been unregulated. Dodd-Frank divided regulatory jurisdiction over those instruments between the SEC and CFTC.