The outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic throughout the world in 2020 prompted INOVASI, a partnership program between the Governments of Australia and Indonesia, together with the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology (Kemendikbudristek), to initiate a situation analysis study of Indonesian students' basic literacy and numeracy learning, as well as the impact of the pandemic on learning. From this study, it was found that there is a gap between learning outcomes and what students should master according to national and international standards. A total of 18,370 early grade students from 612 schools participated in the study which was held in eleven INOVASI partner districts in the provinces of East Java, North Kalimantan, West Nusa Tenggara and East Nusa Tenggara. In addition, eight INOVASI non-partner districts from Jambi, Southeast Sulawesi, South Kalimantan and North Maluku were added. Exploring realities and facts based on data which are then dissected using an appropriate analytical knife, the writing team presents various presentations related to distance learning, vulnerable groups, and post-pandemic recovery that are worth paying attention to. Systematically structured to capture phenomena that occur in teaching and learning activities in schools in a concrete manner, this book provides clear direction for taking the necessary steps to optimize student learning recovery and design the implementation of the school curriculum in Indonesia. This is important because although loss of learning outcomes and learning gaps tend to still occur, this latest study also shows indications of learning recovery.