In order to implement brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), the individual must be able to volitionally control brain function: a skill that can only be achieved through specialized training. Currently, this training is time-consuming and produces unreliable results. It is necessary to first understand the underlying neural mechanisms associated with this skill to develop effective, dependable training techniques. A real-time functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (rtfMRI) system has been developed to research volitional control over neural activity and interpret the neural changes associated with increases in this skill. The developed system enables additional research such as the study of neuroplasticity and neural networks.