Rapid technological progress in data and information gathering has made today’s workplace a complex knowledge environment. It is estimated that at the current rate of technological innovation, the human will have become the weak link in the decision making chain by the year 2030. Although a number of innovations in data visualization and decision support have had positive impacts on human performance in the workplace, these techniques typically do not utilize information related to operator cognitive state, and thus may not function optimally in dynamic work environments. A critical step in the continued advancement of technology-driven decision making will be the development of methods to sense, assess, and augment operator performance in real-time.