A hallmark of effective science is transparency. If results are not openly shared, or if others don't know how we derived those results, the progress of science is impeded. Most of us understand this core principle, but the benefits of transparency have implications that are not always recognized. These benefits include not only the ability to interpret results accurately, but also a reduction in bias, greater capacity to include results in data syntheses, and facilitation of updating and replicating studies. However, without institutional support, practices that promote transparency are not nearly as common as they should be despite the commitment of many individuals in the scientific community.