Article
Protection against henipaviruses in swine requires both, cell-mediated.pdf
Vaccine
(2016)
Abstract
Hendra virus (HeV) and Nipah virus (NiV) are members of the genus Henipavirus, within the family
Paramyxoviridae. Nipah virus has caused outbreaks of human disease in Bangladesh, Malaysia,
Singapore, India and Philippines, in addition to a large outbreak in swine in Malaysia in 1998/1999.
Recently, NiV was suspected to be a causative agent of an outbreak in horses in 2014 in the
Philippines, while HeV has caused multiple human and equine outbreaks in Australia since 1994. A swine
vaccine able to prevent shedding of infectious virus is of veterinary and human health importance, and
correlates of protection against henipavirus infection in swine need to be better understood. In the present
study, three groups of animals were employed. Pigs vaccinated with adjuvanted recombinant soluble
HeV G protein (sGHEV) and challenged with HeV, developed antibody levels considered to be protective
prior to the challenge (titers of 320). However, activation of the cell-mediated immune response was
not detected, and the animals were only partially protected against challenge with 5 105 PFU of HeV
per animal. In the second group, cross-neutralizing antibody levels against NiV in the sGHEV vaccinated
animals did not reach protective levels, and with no activation of cellular immune memory, these animals
were not protected against NiV. Only pigs orally infected with 5 104 PFU of NiV per animal were protected
against nasal challenge with 5 105 PFU of NiV per animal. This group of pigs developed protective
antibody levels, as well as cell-mediated immune memory. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells
restimulated with UV-inactivated NiV upregulated IFN-gamma, IL-10 and the CD25 activation marker
on CD4+CD8+ T memory helper cells and to lesser extent on CD4CD8+ T cells. In conclusion, both
humoral and cellular immune responses were required for protection of swine against henipaviruses.
Disciplines
Publication Date
2016
Citation Information
James A. Roth. "Protection against henipaviruses in swine requires both, cell-mediated.pdf" Vaccine (2016) Available at: http://works.bepress.com/james_roth/64/