Article
Written Gospel or Oral Tradition? (John 3:3, 5)
Early Christianity
(2015)
Abstract
It is widely assumed that the “born again” and “born of water and spirit” sayings in the Gospel of John, Justin Martyr, Tertullian, Hippolytus, the Pseudo-Clementines, and the Apostolic Constitutions derive independently via oral tradition. This article demonstrates that the patristic sayings are based on the written Gospel of John.
Disciplines
Publication Date
Winter 2015
DOI
10.1628/186870315X14456009995865
Publisher Statement
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Citation Information
James W. Barker, “Written Gospel or Oral Tradition? Patristic Parallels to John 3:3, 5.” Early Christianity 6.4
(2015): 543–58.