Management of marine fisheries by "limited entry legislation" promises not only to protect the breeding stock and increase catches,but also to improve economic efficiency and increase returns to fishermen. It will also undoubtedly disrupt existing social and economic relationships. While no limited entry legislation is in effect in New England, fishermen know about the limited entry management option and have strong opinions that are certain to influence politicial support. Some of the 190 Maine and New Hampshire fishermen interviewed favor or oppose such legislation because their own "economic selfinterest" would be positively or negatively affected. Most, however, oppose or favor such legislation on "ideational grounds"--e.g., they favor "free enterprise." Quantitative data on attitudes towards limited entry and such factors as age of fisherman, primary species exploited, and versatility of fishing operation suggest that attitudes were more influenced by "self-interest" than many admitted overtly.