"This chapter provides a survey of those near-surface seismic methods that are based on the deployment of sources and receivers at the surface on land. It builds on the review and tutorial articles by Steeples and Miller (1990) and by Lankston (1990), which appeared in the original SEG publication on geotechnical and environmental geophysics (Ward, 1990). The tradition established by those authors is continued here by pulling together essential concepts and presenting them at a uniform level with consistent notation and terminology. Although many details must remain unstated because the subject area is extensive, a lengthy, list of cited references is provided to alleviate this difficulty."