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Article
Modeling the Effect of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene and Oral Cholera Vaccine Implementation in Haiti
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (2013)
  • Isaac Chun-Hai Fung, Georgia Southern University
  • David L. Fitter, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Rebekah H. Borse, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Martin I. Meltzer, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Jordan W. Tappero, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Abstract
In 2010, toxigenic Vibrio cholerae was newly introduced to Haiti. Because resources are limited, decisionmakers need to understand the effect of different preventive interventions. We built a static model to estimate the potential number of cholera cases averted through improvements in coverage in water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) (i.e., latrines, point-of-use chlorination, and piped water), oral cholera vaccine (OCV), or a combination of both. We allowed indirect effects and non-linear relationships between effect and population coverage. Because there are limited incidence data for endemic cholera in Haiti, we estimated the incidence of cholera over 20 years in Haiti by using data from Malawi. Over the next two decades, scalable WASH interventions could avert 57,949–78,567 cholera cases, OCV could avert 38,569–77,636 cases, and interventions that combined WASH and OCV could avert 71,586–88,974 cases. Rate of implementation is the most influential variable, and combined approaches maximized the effect.
Keywords
  • Water,
  • Sanitation,
  • Hygiene,
  • WASH,
  • Oral cholera vaccine,
  • OCV,
  • Haiti
Disciplines
Publication Date
October 1, 2013
DOI
10.4269/ajtmh.13-0201
Publisher Statement
© 2013 The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene's Re-use License which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. This article is also available through PMC and the American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.
Citation Information
Isaac Chun-Hai Fung, David L. Fitter, Rebekah H. Borse, Martin I. Meltzer, et al.. "Modeling the Effect of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene and Oral Cholera Vaccine Implementation in Haiti" American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Vol. 89 Iss. 4 (2013) p. 633 - 640 ISSN: 1476-1645
Available at: http://works.bepress.com/isaac_fung1/49/