Chinese research and development (R&D) outside China is a growing phenomenon which requires increasing attention in the academic world. It is interesting, as well as necessary, to investigate why and how Chinese MNCs find innovation opportunities and implement international R&D strategies in developed countries such as Europe and the U.S.. In this research, we intend to find out whether there are significant differences or similarities in the comparison of international R&D strategies of Chinese MNCs in Europe and the U.S. Also, do Chinese MNCs have different R&D behaviors than the R&D activities of developed country MNCs? If so, how and why are they different? We answer these questions through examining Chinese R&D investments in Europe and the U.S. from three main aspects: (1) Motive-why do Chinese companies expand their R&D activities into developed countries (Europe and the U.S.)? (2) R&D structure-how do Chinese companies organize their global R&D structure in Europe and the U.S.? and (3) Modes of learning-How do Chinese companies in Europe and the U.S. deploy their learning strategies?