Irene Calboli and Christine Haught Farley make a new and important contribution to this edition of the book on Trademarks. The two scholars present the general framework for the protection of trademarks under the TRIPS Agreement and, with the help of a vast literature and case law elaborate, inter alia, on the definition and requirements for protection, the scope of rights granted to trademark owners and the exceptions and limitations permissible under the Agreement. The chapter also examines the enforcement provisions applicable to trademarks as well as TRIPS-plus provisions on the subject contained in international trade agreements.