Skip to main content
Article
Quantification of Carbonyl Compounds Generated from Ozone-Based Food Colorants Decomposition Using On-Fiber Derivatization-SPME-GC-MS
Chromatography
  • Wenda Zhu, Iowa State University
  • Jacek A. Koziel, Iowa State University
  • Lingshuang Cai, Iowa State University
  • H. Duygu Özsoy, Iowa State University
  • J. (Hans) van Leeuwen, Iowa State University
Document Type
Article
Publication Version
Published Version
Publication Date
1-1-2015
DOI
10.3390/chromatography2010001
Abstract
Fruit leathers (FLs) production produces some not-to-specification material, which contains valuable ingredients like fruit pulp, sugars and acidulates. Recovery of FL for product recycling requires decolorization. In earlier research, we proved the efficiency of an ozone-based decolorization process; however, it produces carbonyls as major byproducts, which could be of concern. A headspace solid-phase microextraction with on-fiber derivatization followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was developed for 10 carbonyls analysis in ozonated FL solution/suspension. Effects of dopant concentration, derivatization temperature and time were studied. The adapted method was used to analyze ozonated FL solution/suspension samples. Dopant concentration and derivatization temperature were optimized to 17 mg/mL and 60 °C, respectively. Competitive extraction was studied, and 5 s extraction time was used to avoid non-linear derivatization of 2-furfural. The detection limits (LODs) for target carbonyls ranged from 0.016 and 0.030 µg/L. A much lower LOD (0.016 ppb) for 2-furfural was achieved compared with 6 and 35 ppb in previous studies. Analysis results confirmed the robustness of the adapted method for quantification of carbonyls in recycled process water treated with ozone-based decolorization. Ethanal, hexanal, 2-furfural, and benzaldehyde were identified as byproducts of known toxicity but all found below levels for concern.
Comments

This article is from Chromatography 2 (2015): 1–18, doi:10.3390/chromatography2010001. Posted with permission.

Rights
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright Owner
The authors
Language
en
File Format
application/pdf
Citation Information
Wenda Zhu, Jacek A. Koziel, Lingshuang Cai, H. Duygu Özsoy, et al.. "Quantification of Carbonyl Compounds Generated from Ozone-Based Food Colorants Decomposition Using On-Fiber Derivatization-SPME-GC-MS" Chromatography Vol. 2 Iss. 1 (2015) p. 1 - 18
Available at: http://works.bepress.com/hans_vanleeuwen/23/