This is an article (in French) which has been adapted from one of my contributions on U.S. for the workshop -- "Les défis du numérique dans l'entreprise en Europe" ("The Challenges of Digital Technologies in Europe") held at the Toulouse Business School on February 27, 2015. It details certain important differences between American Copyright law and Rights of Authorship in France and Copyright Law in Europe. Included in this discussion are formalities and their role in copyright litigation, protection of databases and the Feist case, exclusive rights under Copyright Law and moral rights. The Aereo case and the Pharrell Williams "Blurred Lines" case are also evoked. The article concludes with several ares of study for reform from former Register of Copyrights Maria Pallante.