This video recording, dated July 5, 1996, consists of two speeches delivered at the 13th Annual Kemetic Studies Conference in Accra, Ghana. The conference was organized by the Association for the Study of Classical African Civilizations (ASCAC). The first presentation is a paper by African Studies professor John Henrik Clarke, delivered by Temple University PhD student Gregory Kimathi Carr (now a professor at Howard University). Dr. Clarke’s paper focuses on the history of Ghanaian resistance to outside domination and Ghana’s “literature of liberation.” The second presentation, by history professor Jacob H. Carruthers, Jr. highlights the idea of “Ethiopianism” as a catalyst for the early Pan-African movement. Dr. Carruthers also explores the contributions of Ghanaian scholar and activist Joseph Casely Hayford to the development of Pan-Africanism.