A mathematical model and expressions for hardness prediction were established, where quenched and tempered steel hardness is predicted based on as-quenched hardness of steel. Hardenability properties of steel are included in the model to achieve a more precise prediction of quenched and tempered steel hardness. Prediction of the as-quenched hardness of steel is based on the relationship between as-quenched hardness and the characteristic cooling time from 1073 K to 773 K (800 °C to 500 °C) (t 8/5). The model was used to simulate the hardness of a quenched and tempered steel workpieces.