Following the release of Queensland results in the 2008 National Assessment Program - Literacy and Numeracy (NAPLAN) and the 2007 Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) late in 2008, the Premier, Anna Bligh, requested an independent review of literacy, numeracy and science standards in Queensland primary schools. The review was asked to examine available data on the performances of Queensland students and, drawing on international research evidence, to provide advice in the areas of curriculum, assessment and teacher quality. In particular, the review was asked to identify existing effective practices, to propose ways in which these could be scaled up, and to make recommendations for new strategies or initiatives for improving levels of literacy, numeracy and science achievement in Queensland primary schools. The review was conducted between December 2008 and April 2009 and included analyses of the performances of Queensland students in national and international achievement surveys; a review of international research into the characteristics of highly effective teachers, schools and education systems; consultations with a range of stakeholders; and visits to a small number of selected primary schools.