Article
Dual-Language Education at Scale: An Analysis of Program Costs, Mechanisms and Moderators
Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis
(2018)
Abstract
Using input and outcome data from a randomized study of dual-language immersion programs in an urban district, we examine the mediating relationships of dosage, expenditures, and classroom characteristics to students’ academic performance, and the moderating role of students’ race/ethnicity. Differential costs of immersion were concentrated at the district level and were modest, at about 2% to 4% of per-pupil spending annually. We estimate that an additional US$100 spent per immersion student in a given year was associated with an additional 8% of a standard deviation in language arts performance in English, which was just over one third of the causal point-in-time enrollment effect of 22% of a standard deviation. We find no generalizable evidence of differential effects by race/ethnicity.
Keywords
- economics of education,
- educational policy,
- finance,
- language comprehension/development,
- bilingual/bicultural,
- urban education,
- econometric analysis,
- experimental design
Publication Date
June, 2018
Citation Information
Jennifer L. Steele, Robert O. Slater, Jennifer Li, Gema Zamarro, et al.. "Dual-Language Education at Scale: An Analysis of Program Costs, Mechanisms and Moderators" Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis (2018) Available at: http://works.bepress.com/gema_zamarro/34/