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Article
Low-Income Parents’ Warmth and Parent–Child Activities for Children with Disabilities, Suspected Delays and Biological Risks
Infant and Child Development
  • Elaine M. Eshbaugh, Iowa State University
  • Carla A. Peterson, Iowa State University
  • Shavaun Wall, The Catholic University of America
  • Judith J. Carta, University of Kansas Main Campus
  • Gayle Joanne Luze, Iowa State University
  • Mark Swanson, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Hyun-Joo Jeon, University of Alabama - Tuscaloosa
Document Type
Article
Publication Version
Published Version
Publication Date
1-1-2011
DOI
10.1002/icd.717
Abstract

Warm and responsive parenting is optimal for child development, but this style of parenting may be difficult for some parents to achieve. This study examines how parents’ observed warmth and their reported frequency of parent–child activities were related to children’s classifications as having biological risks or a range of disability indicators. Children were low-income prekindergarteners who participated in the Early Head Start Research and Evaluation Project Longitudinal Follow-up. Data from parent, early care and education staff reports, and direct child assessments were used to classify children into the following groups: disabilities, suspected delays, biological risks, disabilities and biological risk, suspected delays and biological risk, and no disability indicator. Socioeconomic status (ethnicity, maternal education and poverty level) and maternal depression were controlled in the analyses. The parents of children with disabilities and suspected delays evidenced significantly lower levels of warmth and less frequent parent–child activities compared with other parents. The parents of children with biological risk factors who did not also have disabilities or suspected delays did not exhibit decreased warmth and less frequent parent– child activities.

Comments

This article is from Infant and Child Development 20 (2011): 509, doi:10.1002/icd.717.

Rights
Works produced by employees of the U.S. Government as part of their official duties are not copyrighted within the U.S. The content of this document is not copyrighted.
Language
en
File Format
application/pdf
Citation Information
Elaine M. Eshbaugh, Carla A. Peterson, Shavaun Wall, Judith J. Carta, et al.. "Low-Income Parents’ Warmth and Parent–Child Activities for Children with Disabilities, Suspected Delays and Biological Risks" Infant and Child Development Vol. 20 (2011) p. 509 - 524
Available at: http://works.bepress.com/gayle-luze/3/