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Contribution to Book
Motivations for Leaving Gangs in the USA: A Qualitative Comparison of Leaving Processes Across Gang Definitions
Gang Transitions and Transformations in an International Context (2016)
  • Dena C. Carson, Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis
  • Finn-Aage Esbensen, University of Missouri–St. Louis
Abstract
Prior research has documented that youth self-identified as gang members comprise a different group than those identified by the Eurogang definition. These two groups of gang-identified youth, however, share similar risk factors and are also more violent than their non-gang counterparts. Other work, which has examined youth that both self-nominate and meet the Eurogang definition, finds that these multi-definitional gang youth score significantly higher on risk factors and offending than those youth who meet only one definition. The first aim of the current study is to expand on these definitional comparisons, as well as further research on gang desistance, by comparing the motivations for leaving the gang across self-nominated gang youth, Eurogang youth, and youth meeting both conceptual definitions. The self-nominated gang desistance literature suggests that, when leaving the gang, youth typically become disillusioned with gang life and begin to drift away from their gang friends. Of particular note is that motivations associated with violence are relatively infrequent. Given the more violent nature of multi-definitional gang youth, however, we may expect that these youth experience motivations related to violent victimization and violence fatigue. This study relies on both prospective quantitative surveys and retrospective qualitative interviews to compare motivations for gang desistance in a multisite sample of self-nominated gang and Eurogang-defined youth. This mixed-methods approach also allows for a comparison in the consistency of prospective and retrospective motivations for leaving the gang, which is the second aim of this chapter.
Publication Date
January 1, 2016
Editor
Cheryl L. Maxson and Finn-Aage Esbensen
DOI
10.1007/978-3-319-29602-9_8
Citation Information
Dena C. Carson and Finn-Aage Esbensen. "Motivations for Leaving Gangs in the USA: A Qualitative Comparison of Leaving Processes Across Gang Definitions" Gang Transitions and Transformations in an International Context (2016) p. 139 - 155
Available at: http://works.bepress.com/finn-aage-esbensen/17/