The mining and metallurgical industries are important contributor to the Canadian economy. There were successes and failures in these industries in the past fifty years. Examples of the success story of Sherritt Gordon Mines in Alberta for hydrometallurgy, the International Nickel Company in Sudbury for pyrometallurgy, the aluminum industry in the Province of Quebec for electrometallurgy, and the Bottom Blown Oxygen Converter for the steel industry by Liquid Air engineers in Montreal. The failure took place in the asbestos industry, magnesium production, the titanium pigment plant of Tioxide Canada, Noranda, and Orbite - - all in Quebec, will be presented as witnessed be the author.