Supplementing the diet of tumor-bearing mice or rats with oils containing (n-3) (omega-3) or with purified (n-3) fatty acids has slowed the growth of various types of cancers, including lung, colon, mammary, and prostate. The efficacy of cancer chemotherapy drugs such as doxorubicin, epirubicin, CPT-11, 5-fluorouracil, and tamoxifen, and of radiation therapy has been improved when the diet included (n-3) fatty acids. Some potential mechanisms for the activity of (n-3) fatty acids against cancer include modulation of eicosanoid production and inflammation, angiogenesis, proliferation, susceptibility for apoptosis, and estrogen signaling. In humans, (n-3) fatty acids have also been used to suppress cancer-associated cachexia and to improve the quality of life. In one study, the response to chemotherapy therapy was better in breast cancer patients with higher levels of (n-3) fatty acids in adipose tissue [indicating past consumption of (n-3) fatty acids] than in patients with lower levels of (n-3) fatty acids. Thus, in combination with standard treatments, supplementing the diet with (n-3) fatty acids may be a nontoxic means to improve cancer treatment outcomes and may slow or prevent recurrence of cancer. Used alone, an (n-3) supplement may be a useful alternative therapy for patients who are not candidates for standard toxic cancer therapies.
Article
(n-3) Fatty Acids and Cancer Therapy
Biochemistry and Microbiology
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
12-1-2004
Disciplines
Abstract
Citation Information
Hardman, W. E. "(n-3) Fatty Acids and Cancer Therapy." The Journal of Nutrition 134.12 Dec. (2004): 3427S-343.
This article first appeared in the December 1, 2004 issue of The Journal of Nutrition, the member magazine of The American Society for Nutritional Sciences, and is reprinted with permission.
© 2004 The American Society for Nutritional Sciences