Evidence shows that violations of the United States (US) child labor regulations are common. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the magnitude and nature of work‐related deaths among youth involving violations of US child labor regulations.

We analyzed Census of Fatal Occupational Injury data from 2001 to 2012 using descriptive statistics and Chi‐square tests.

Between 2001 and 2012, 406 workers under age 18 were recorded in the CFOI as having suffered a fatal work‐related injury. Among these cases, 233 were covered by the US child labor regulations. Forty‐three percent of these cases involved at least one violation. The majority of cases that were not covered by the regulations involved decedents working on their family's farms (N = 139).

Violations of federal child labor regulations are a significant contributor to work‐related deaths among youth in the United States. Increased investment in enforcement is needed to prevent further young worker deaths involving child labor violations.