Skip to main content
Article
Coastal Sea Level and Related Fields from Existing Observing Systems
Surveys in Geophysics
  • Marta Marcos, IMEDEA(UIB-CSIC), Esporles
  • Guy Wöppelmann, LIENSs, Université de La Rochelle, La Rochelle
  • Andrew Matthews, National Oceanography Centre, Liverpool
  • Rui M. Ponte, Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc., Lexington
  • Florence Birol, University of Toulouse
  • Fabrice Ardhuin, Ifremer, Laboratoire d’Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS)
  • Giovanni Coco, University of Auckland
  • Alvaro Santamaría-Gómez, Université de Toulouse
  • Valerie Ballu, Université de La Rochelle
  • Laurent Testut, Université de La Rochelle
  • Don Chambers, University of South Florida
  • Justin E. Stopa, University of Hawaii
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
1-1-2019
Keywords
  • Sea-level observations,
  • Tide gauges,
  • Coastal altimetry,
  • GNSS,
  • Wind waves,
  • Ocean bottom pressure,
  • Hydrography
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-019-09513-3
Disciplines
Abstract

We review the status of current sea-level observing systems with a focus on the coastal zone. Tide gauges are the major source of coastal sea-level observations monitoring most of the world coastlines, although with limited extent in Africa and part of South America. The longest tide gauge records, however, are unevenly distributed and mostly concentrated along the European and North American coasts. Tide gauges measure relative sea level but the monitoring of vertical land motion through high-precision GNSS, despite being essential to disentangle land and ocean contributions in tide gauge records, is only available in a limited number of stations. (25% of tide gauges have a GNSS station at less than 10 km.) Other data sources are new in situ observing systems fostered by recent progress in GNSS data processing (e.g., GPS reflectometry, GNSS-towed platforms) and coastal altimetry currently measuring sea level as close as 5 km from the coastline. Understanding observed coastal sea level also requires information on various contributing processes, and we provide an overview of some other relevant observing systems, including those on (offshore and coastal) wind waves and water density and mass changes.

Citation / Publisher Attribution

Surveys in Geophysics, v. 40, p. 1293-1317

Citation Information
Marta Marcos, Guy Wöppelmann, Andrew Matthews, Rui M. Ponte, et al.. "Coastal Sea Level and Related Fields from Existing Observing Systems" Surveys in Geophysics Vol. 40 (2019) p. 1293 - 1317
Available at: http://works.bepress.com/don_chambers/11/