A two-tiered intervention is proposed to address the high prevalence rate of infectious disease among inmate populations and the communities from which they come. A facilitative climate is created (first tier) within which to implement an infection control program (second tier) geared specifically to the needs of an inmate population and its community. The program is based on collaboration between public health and corrections organizations. Targeted groups and intervention components are outlined. Historical and empirical support for the intervention is explored. Organizational and policy requisites for successful implementation are discussed.