Women in sub-Saharan Africa are at high risk for common mental health conditions such as depression and anxiety disorders. These conditions are associated with, but not limited to, various factors such as poverty, gender violence, and living with HIV. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has been widely used to effectively treat and prevent many mental health conditions in low- and middle-income countries, including in sub-Saharan Africa. In this chapter, we review CBT interventions to address mental health conditions that affect women in sub-Saharan Africa by focusing on three areas: (1) HIV and comorbid mental health conditions, (2) gender-based violence and other traumatic experiences, and (3) perinatal depression. This research indicates that CBT is feasible, acceptable, and generally demonstrates positive outcomes to reduce psychological issues among women in sub-Saharan Africa. Research and clinical implications of women’s mental health issues are noted, and recommendations to improve the mental health status of women are outlined.