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Article
Characterizing and identifying reverted commits
Empirical Software Engineering
  • Meng YAN
  • Xin XIA
  • David LO, Singapore Management University
  • Ahmed E. HASSAN
  • Shanping LI
Publication Type
Journal Article
Version
publishedVersion
Publication Date
3-2019
Abstract

In practice, a popular and coarse-grained approach for recovering from a problematic commit is to revert it (i.e., undoing the change). However, reverted commits could induce some issues for software development, such as impeding the development progress and increasing the difficulty for maintenance. In order to mitigate these issues, we set out to explore the following central question: can we characterize and identify which commits will be reverted? In this paper, we characterize commits using 27 commit features and build an identification model to identify commits that will be reverted. We first identify reverted commits by analyzing commit messages and comparing the changed content, and extract 27 commit features that can be divided into three dimensions, namely change, developer and message, respectively. Then, we build an identification model (e.g., random forest) based on the extracted features. To evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed model, we perform an empirical study on ten open source projects including a total of 125,241 commits. Our experimental results show that our model outperforms two baselines in terms of AUC-ROC and cost-effectiveness (i.e., percentage of detected reverted commits when inspecting 20% of total changed LOC). In terms of the average performance across the ten studied projects, our model achieves an AUC-ROC of 0.756 and a cost-effectiveness of 0.746, significantly improving the baselines by substantial margins. In addition, we found that “developer” is the most discriminative dimension among the three dimensions of features for the identification of reverted commits. However, using all the three dimensions of commit features leads to better performance.

Keywords
  • Empirical study,
  • Identification model,
  • Feature engineering,
  • Reverted commits
Identifier
10.1007/s10664-019-09688-8
Publisher
Springer Verlag (Germany)
Copyright Owner and License
Authors
Creative Commons License
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 International
Additional URL
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-019-09688-8
Citation Information
Meng YAN, Xin XIA, David LO, Ahmed E. HASSAN, et al.. "Characterizing and identifying reverted commits" Empirical Software Engineering Vol. 24 Iss. 4 (2019) p. 2171 - 2208 ISSN: 1382-3256
Available at: http://works.bepress.com/david_lo/213/