This is the second part of a multi-part production on Maxwell’s equations of electromagnetism. The ultimate goal is a definitive explanation of these four equations; readers will be left to judge how definitive it is. A note: for certain reasons, figures are being numbered sequentially throughout this series, which is why the first figure in this column is numbered 8. I hope this does not cause confusion. Another note: this is going to get a bit mathematical. It can’t be helped: models of the physical universe, like Newton’s second law F = ma, are based in math. So are Maxwell’s equations.