Mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa and other species) is a remarkable resource and, at times, a difficult invasive pest. It has provided a variety of products for human use for thousands of years. Wild harvest is likely to be remain the most immediate agroforestry option for creating new jobs in the Southwest, but it will take training to get people involved and nurture their start-ups. With educational support, research, and marketing, a wide range of specialty products can become even better options for wild harvesting on both sides of the border. They can open opportunities for managed agroforestry systems on public and private land.