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Article
Separate metabolic pathways leading to DNA fragmentation and apoptotic nuclear chromatin condensation
Journal of Experimental Medicine
  • D. Sun
  • Shibo Jiang, The Rockefeller University
  • Li-Mou Zheng, The Rockefeller University
  • David M. Ojcius, University of the Pacific
  • John Ding-E. Young
ORCiD
David M. Ojcius: 0000-0003-1461-4495
Department
Biomedical Sciences
Document Type
Article
DOI
10.1084/jem.179.2.559
Publication Date
2-1-1994
Abstract

Apoptosis is the predominant form of cell death observed in a variety of physiological and pathological conditions such as cancer involution, insect metamorphosis, the development of the immune and nervous systems, and embryogenesis. The typical nuclear changes taking place in apoptotic cells include extensive condensation of chromatin and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation into units of 200 base pairs. However, the mechanisms responsible for both chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation have yet to be elucidated. In this study, micrococcal nuclease and the divalent cations, Ca2+ and Mg2+, were applied to isolated nuclei in an attempt to reconstitute in vitro the digestion of genomic DNA associated with apoptosis. Micrococcal nuclease was found to induce a typical pattern of DNA fragmentation, but did not give rise to chromatin condensation, whereas Ca2+/Mg2+ induced both chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation in isolated mouse liver nuclei. When the endonuclease inhibitor ZnCl2 was used, the DNA fragmentation induced by Ca2+/Mg2+ in nuclei could be completely inhibited, but chromatin condensation still occurred. For comparison, intact liver cells were treated with valinomycin, a potassium ionophore, which gave rise to an atypical cell death, with chromatin condensation appearing without DNA fragmentation. Our results suggest that endonuclease activation in apoptosis is neither necessary nor sufficient to induce chromatin condensation, and that DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation may be triggered through separate pathways during apoptosis.

Citation Information
D. Sun, Shibo Jiang, Li-Mou Zheng, David M. Ojcius, et al.. "Separate metabolic pathways leading to DNA fragmentation and apoptotic nuclear chromatin condensation" Journal of Experimental Medicine Vol. 179 Iss. 2 (1994) p. 559 - 568 ISSN: 0022-1007
Available at: http://works.bepress.com/david-ojcius/210/