This study aims to provide a panoramic view of the Brazilian import and export market, also nicknamed the Contemporary Market, in order to better understand the application of the principle of free enterprise and the importance of this market in the development of Brazil in the second half of the twentieth century and early 21st century. To attain the proposed objective, the authors use a literature review of renowned authors of law and economics, in addition to presenting several tables on market growth to facilitate understanding of its development.