The Department of Education, Science and Training commissioned the Australian Council for Educational Research (ACER) to undertake the Australian component of the OECD Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS). TALIS is one of the first international surveys to focus on the learning environment and the working conditions of teachers in schools. TALIS was conducted in 24 OECD and OECD-partner countries in 2007 and 2008, though internationally comparable results were reported for only 23 countries due to requisite sampling standards for publication. This first survey is part of a planned programme of surveys which will examine various levels of schooling over time and provide participating countries with an opportunity to measure various policy issues associated with teaching and learning management. This report provides detailed analyses of teachers’ self-reported practices, activities, beliefs and attitudes; teacher appraisal systems; impacts of school policies on the teaching and learning environment; and pathways to effective school leadership.