The 35 papers in this proceedings are divided into four sections; the first includes an introduction to the symposium theme of Shrublands as wildlands and wildlife habitat, along with keynote addresses discussing geographic affiliations of eastern Montana's "great Plains Flora" and methodology for surveying mule deer winter range habitat use and condition. The next two sections cluster papers on wildlife habitat and ecological relationships. These sections provide a diverse sampling of topics examining the nature and impacts of intra- and inter-trophic relationships among plants and associated species of western North American shrublands. Papers in the final section present assessments of various sampling and monitoring methodologies applicable to shrublands.