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Article
Line Search-Based Inverse Lithography Technique for Mask Design
VLSI Design
  • Xin Zhao, Ames Laboratory
  • Chris Chong-Nuen Chu, Iowa State University
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
1-1-2012
DOI
10.1155/2012/589128
Abstract

As feature size is much smaller than the wavelength of illumination source of lithography equipments, resolution enhancement technology (RET) has been increasingly relied upon to minimize image distortions. In advanced process nodes, pixelated mask becomes essential for RET to achieve an acceptable resolution. In this paper, we investigate the problem of pixelated binary mask design in a partially coherent imaging system. Similar to previous approaches, the mask design problem is formulated as a nonlinear program and is solved by gradient-based search. Our contributions are four novel techniques to achieve significantly better image quality. First, to transform the original bound-constrained formulation to an unconstrained optimization problem, we propose a new noncyclic transformation of mask variables to replace the wellknown cyclic one. As our transformation is monotonic, it enables a better control in flipping pixels. Second, based on this new transformation, we propose a highly efficient line search-based heuristic technique to solve the resulting unconstrained optimization. Third, to simplify the optimization, instead of using discretization regularization penalty technique, we directly round the optimized gray mask into binary mask for pattern error evaluation. Forth, we introduce a jump technique in order to jump out of local minimum and continue the search.

Comments

This is an article from VLSI Design 2012 (2012): 589128, doi: 10.1155/2012/589128. Posted with permission.

Rights
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright Owner
X. Zhao and C. Chu
Language
en
File Format
application/pdf
Citation Information
Xin Zhao and Chris Chong-Nuen Chu. "Line Search-Based Inverse Lithography Technique for Mask Design" VLSI Design Vol. 2012 (2012) p. 589128-1 - 589128-9
Available at: http://works.bepress.com/chris-chong-nuen-chu/1/