This chapter discusses the role of coastal zone management under conditions of climate change in the United States. More specifically, this chapter explores coastal zone management by examining the relationship between coastal states and the federal government, political entities that share interests and rights in coastal areas under constitutional federalism. To help place this review of federalism into a coastal management context, a particular federal law, the Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA), will provide the context to highlight federal and coastal state interactions when managing coastal resources in an era of climate change. The CZMA will also provide a legal foundation from which coastal states and federal government interactions will be analyzed to see the influence of federalism when responding to threats in coastal areas caused by climate change.