Skip to main content
Article
Solidarity Vulnerability and Mistrust.pdf
BMC Infectious Diseases (2020)
  • Ana Rosa Linde Arias, University of Massachusetts Boston
  • Maria Roura, University of Limerick
  • Carlos Eduardo Siqueira
Abstract
Background: The  public  health  response  to  Zika  outbreak  has  mostly  focused  on  epidemiological  surveillance, vector  control,  and  individual  level  preventative  measures.  This  qualitative  study  employs  a  social-ecological framework  to  examine  how  macro  (historical,  legislative,  political,  socio-economic  factors),  meso  (sources  of information,  social  support,  social  mobilization)  and  micro  level  factors  (individual  actions,  behavioral  changes) interacted  to  influence  the  response  and  behavior  of  women  
with  respect  to  Zika  in  different  contexts.
Methods:  A  qualitative  study  was  carried  out.  Women  were  recruited  through  the  snowball  sampling technique  from  various  locations  in  Brazil,  Puerto  Rico,  and  the  United  States.  They  were  of  different nationalities  and  ethnicities.  Data  were  collected  through  semi-structured  interviews.  The  data  transcripts  were analyzed  using  thematic  analysis.
Results:  Women  in  this  study  deemed  the  information  provided  as  insufficient,  which  led  them  to  actively reach  out  and  access  a  variety  of  media  sources.  Social  networks  played  a  vital  role  in  sharing  information but  also  resulted  in  the  spread  of  hoaxes  
or  rumors.  Participants  in  our  research  perceived  socio-economic inequities  but  focused  on  how  to  remedy  their  micro environments.  They  did  not  engage  in  major  social activities.  Lack  of  trust  in  governments  placed  women  in  vulnerable  situations  by  preventing  them  to  follow the  guidance  of  health  authorities.  These  impacts  were  also  a  result  of  the  response  tactics  of  health  and government  administrations  in  their  failed  attempts  to  ensure  the  well-being  of  their  countries’ populations.
Conclusions:  Our  findings  call  for  public  health  interventions  that  go  beyond  individual  level  behavioral change  campaigns,  to  more  comprehensively  address  the  broader  meso  and  macro  level  factors  that influence  women’ willingness  and  possibility  to  protect  themselves.

Keywords
  • Zika,
  • Women,
  • social determinants of health
Publication Date
April 3, 2020
DOI
10.1186/s12879-020-04987-8
Publisher Statement
This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as 
long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the 
permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons 
Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the
data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

Citation Information
Ana Rosa Linde Arias, Maria Roura and Carlos Eduardo Siqueira. "Solidarity Vulnerability and Mistrust.pdf" BMC Infectious Diseases Vol. 20 (2020) p. 263 - 275 ISSN: 1471-2334
Available at: http://works.bepress.com/carlos_siqueira/54/