The sexual exploitation of children has long been a component of society. With the advent of the Internet, along with advancements of, and accessibility to, media-recording devices, child sexual exploitation material has become even more prevalent globally. This chapter chronicles the evolution of child sexual exploitation, beginning in ancient Greece, moving to the impact of the Internet today, and concluding with growing trends. In addition, this chapter examines how child sexual exploitation is addressed internationally, including existing legislation, law enforcement actions, and vigilante justice. Finally, this chapter summarizes how technology has been used to find child sexual exploitation material, and where research and combat tools need to go in order to address the evolving problem.