In this chapter, the authors use excerpts from in-depth case studies to explore the implementation of computer-based testing in diverse contexts. The case studies describe the online testing experiences of six Texas school districts and several individual campuses within each district. The challenges that district personnel reported experiencing in planning and implementing online assessments are highlighted, and the issues that may differentially affect students in multicultural contexts based on variables such as setting (i.e., urban or rural), student age (i.e., elementary or secondary), district financial resources, and student language status (English learner or native English-speaking) are described in detail.