Skip to main content
Article
A biological condition gradient for Caribbean coral reefs: Part II. Numeric rules using sessile benthic organisms
Ecological Indicators
  • Deborah L. Santavy, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
  • Susan K. Jackson, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
  • Benjamin Jessup, Tetra Tech, Inc.
  • Christina Horstmann, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
  • Caroline Rogers, U.S. Geological Survey
  • Ernesto Weil, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez
  • Alina Szmant, University of North Carolina at Wilmington
  • David Cuevas Miranda, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
  • Brian K. Walker, Nova Southeastern University
  • Christopher Jeffrey, C.S.S., Inc.
  • David Ballantine, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History
  • William S. Fisher, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
  • Randy Clark, NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science
  • Hector Ruiz Torres, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras
  • Brandi Todd, NOAA Emergency Response Division
  • Sandy Raimondo, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
ORCID
0000-0001-8385-7066
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
1-20-2022
Keywords
  • Coral reef condition,
  • Biocriteria,
  • Biological integrity,
  • Biological Condition Gradient (BOG),
  • Coral reef protection,
  • numeric model
Abstract

The Biological Condition Gradient (BCG) is a conceptual model used to describe incremental changes in bio- logical condition along a gradient of increasing anthropogenic stress. As coral reefs collapse globally, scientists and managers are focused on how to sustain the crucial structure and functions, and the benefits that healthy coral reef ecosystems provide for many economies and societies. We developed a numeric (quantitative) BGC model for the coral reefs of Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands to transparently facilitate ecologically meaningful management decisions regarding these fragile resources. Here, reef conditions range from natural, undisturbed conditions to severely altered or degraded conditions. Numeric decision rules were developed by an expert panel for scleractinian corals and other benthic assemblages using multiple attributes to apply in shallow- water tropical fore reefs with depths(e.g., % live coral cover, coral species richness, pollution-sensitive coral species, unproductive and sediment substrates, % cover by Orbicella spp.) used to assess coral reef condition. Model confirmation showed the numeric BCG model predicted the panel’s median site ratings for 84% of the sites used to calibrate the model and 89% of independent validation sites. The numeric BCG model is suitable for adaptive management applications and supports bioassessment and criteria development. It is a robust assessment tool that could be used to establish ecosystem condition that would aid resource managers in evaluating and communicating current or changing conditions, protect water and habitat quality in areas of high biological integrity, or develop restoration goals with stakeholders and other public beneficiaries.

DOI
10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.108576
Creative Commons License
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Disciplines
Citation Information
Deborah L. Santavy, Susan K. Jackson, Benjamin Jessup, Christina Horstmann, et al.. "A biological condition gradient for Caribbean coral reefs: Part II. Numeric rules using sessile benthic organisms" Ecological Indicators Vol. 135 (2022) ISSN: 1470-160X
Available at: http://works.bepress.com/brian_k_walker/111/