• Survey is a critical literary history that examines multiculturalist writing and publishing in the San Francisco Bay Area in the aftermath of the Beat Movement to the late 1970s. By scrutinizing the literary endeavors of Ishmael Reed, Maxine Hong Kingston, the Pocho-Che Collective, Third World Publications, and Frank Chin, among others, I argue that the cultural work produced by this bustling scene, situated outside New York’s publishing mainstream, laid the groundwork for the academic and popular boom in multiculturalism that began in the late 1980s in the United States.