Dynamite damage was investigated on 60 reefs in the Egyptian Red Sea. 65% of the investigated reefs had signs of dynamite damage, mostly in leeward areas (58%). Significant changes in coral and fish community composition within dynamited sites were observed. Coral cover decreased, the amount of bare substratum and rubble increased, fish communities in dynamited areas suffered a decrease in species richness and abundance. Due to a stable pattern of coral community differentiation on northern Red Sea reefs (windward Acropora, leeward Porites) most damage is on near-climax Porites reef slopes or Porites carpets. Natural regeneration of such communities is likely to be very slow, possibly taking several hundred years. Rehabilitation would be difficult since coral transplants would have to mimic the previously existing community.