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Selected Works of Bernhard Riegl
Article
Reefs and Islands of the Chagos Archipelago, Indian Ocean: Why It Is the World's Largest No-Take Marine Protected Area
Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems
  • Charles R. C. Sheppard, University of Warwick - United Kingdom
  • Mebs Ateweberhan, University of Warwick - United Kingdom
  • B. W. Bowen, Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology
  • P. Carr, BF BIOT - United Kingdom
  • Chaolun Allen Chen, Academia Sinica - Taipei, Taiwan
  • C. Clubbe, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew - United Kingdom
  • M. T. Craig, University of Puerto Rico - Mayaguez
  • R. Ebinghaus, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht - Germany
  • J. Eble, Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology
  • N. Fitzsimmons, University of Canberra - Australia
  • M. R. Gaither, Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology
  • C-H. Gan, Academia Sinica - Taipei, Taiwan
  • M. Gollock, Zoological Society of London - United Kingdom
  • Nestor Guzman, NAVFACFE PWD DG Environmental
  • N. A. J. Graham, James Cook University - Townsville, Australia
  • A. Harris, University of Warwick - United Kingdom
  • Rachel Jones, Zoological Society of London - United Kingdom
  • Shashank Keshavmurthy, Academia Sinica - Taipei, Taiwan
  • H. Koldewey, Zoological Society of London - United Kingdom
  • Carl Lundin, IUCN Marine Programme - Gland, Switzerland
  • J. A. Mortimer, University of Florida
  • David Obura, CORDIO East Africa - Mombasa, Kenya
  • M. Pfeiffer, RWTH Aachen University - Germany
  • Andrew R. G. Price, University of Warwick - United Kingdom
  • Samuel J. Purkis, Nova Southeastern University
  • P. Raines, Coral Cay Conservation - United Kingdom
  • J. W. Readman, Plymouth Marine Laboratory - United Kingdom
  • Bernhard Riegl, Nova Southeastern University
  • A. Rogers, University of Oxford - United Kingdom
  • Michael H. Schleyer, Oceanographic Research Institute - Durban, South Africa
  • M. R. Seaward, University of Bradford - United Kingdom
  • Anne L. S. Sheppard - United Kingdom, University of Warwick - United Kingdom
  • Jerker Tamelander, UNEP Division of Environmental Policy Implementation
  • John R. Turner, Bangor University
  • Shakil Visram, Academia Sinica
  • C. Vogler, Ludwig- Maximilians-Universität
  • S. Vogt, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Far East
  • H. Wolschke, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht
  • J. M-C. Yang, Academia Sinica
  • Sung-Yin Yang, Academia Sinica
  • C. Yesson, Zoological Society of London
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ORCID
0000-0002-6003-9324
ResearcherID
B-8552-2013; F-8807-2011
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
3-1-2012
Keywords
  • Chagos,
  • British Indian Ocean territory,
  • Marine protected area,
  • Coral recovery,
  • Reef fishes,
  • Seamounts,
  • Reef disease,
  • Marine invasives,
  • Fisheries,
  • Island conservation
Abstract

  1. The Chagos Archipelago was designated a no-take marine protected area (MPA) in 2010; it covers 550 000 km2, with more than 60 000 km2 shallow limestone platform and reefs. This has doubled the global cover of such MPAs.
  2. It contains 25–50% of the Indian Ocean reef area remaining in excellent condition, as well as the world's largest contiguous undamaged reef area. It has suffered from warming episodes, but after the most severe mortality event of 1998, coral cover was restored after 10 years.
  3. Coral reef fishes are orders of magnitude more abundant than in other Indian Ocean locations, regardless of whether the latter are fished or protected.
  4. Coral diseases are extremely low, and no invasive marine species are known.
  5. Genetically, Chagos marine species are part of the Western Indian Ocean, and Chagos serves as a ‘stepping-stone’ in the ocean.
  6. The no-take MPA extends to the 200 nm boundary, and. includes 86 unfished seamounts and 243 deep knolls as well as encompassing important pelagic species.
  7. On the larger islands, native plants, coconut crabs, bird and turtle colonies were largely destroyed in plantation times, but several smaller islands are in relatively undamaged state.
  8. There are now 10 ‘important bird areas’, coconut crab density is high and numbers of green and hawksbill turtles are recovering.
  9. Diego Garcia atoll contains a military facility; this atoll contains one Ramsar site and several ‘strict nature reserves’. Pollutant monitoring shows it to be the least polluted inhabited atoll in the world. Today, strict environmental regulations are enforced.
  10. Shoreline erosion is significant in many places. Its economic cost in the inhabited part of Diego Garcia is very high, but all islands are vulnerable.
  11. Chagos is ideally situated for several monitoring programmes, and use is increasingly being made of the archipelago for this purpose.

DOI
10.1002/aqc.1248
Comments

©2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Disciplines
Citation Information
Charles R. C. Sheppard, Mebs Ateweberhan, B. W. Bowen, P. Carr, et al.. "Reefs and Islands of the Chagos Archipelago, Indian Ocean: Why It Is the World's Largest No-Take Marine Protected Area" Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems Vol. 22 Iss. 2 (2012) p. 232 - 261 ISSN: 1052-7613
Available at: http://works.bepress.com/bernhard-riegl/143/