Article
A 72 × 60 Angle-Sensitive SPAD Imaging Array for Lens-Less FLIM
Sensors
(2016)
Abstract
We present a 72 × 60, angle-sensitive single photon avalanche diode (A-SPAD) array for lens-less 3D fluorescence lifetime imaging. An A-SPAD pixel consists of (1) a SPAD to provide precise photon arrival time where a time-resolved operation is utilized to avoid stimulus-induced saturation, and (2) integrated diffraction gratings on top of the SPAD to extract incident angles of the incoming light. The combination enables mapping of fluorescent sources with different lifetimes in 3D space down to micrometer scale. Futhermore, the chip presented herein integrates pixel-level counters to reduce output data-rate and to enable a precise timing control. The array is implemented in standard 180 nm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology and characterized without any post-processing.
Keywords
- CMOS avalanche photodiodes,
- highly sensitivity photodetectors,
- fluorescence imaging,
- photon timing,
- rangefinder,
- single photon detectors
Disciplines
Publication Date
September, 2016
DOI
10.3390/s16091422
Citation Information
Changhyuk Lee, Ben Johnson, TaeSung Jung and Alyosha Molnar. "A 72 × 60 Angle-Sensitive SPAD Imaging Array for Lens-Less FLIM" Sensors Vol. 16 Iss. 9 (2016) p. 1422-1 - 1422-22 Available at: http://works.bepress.com/benjamin-johnson01/2/
Creative Commons license
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons CC_BY International License.