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Article
Nature vs. Nurture: Are Leaders Born or Made? A Behavior Genetic Investigation of Leadership Style
Twin Research
  • Andrew M. Johnson, The University of Western Ontario
  • Philip A. Vernon, The University of Western Ontario
  • Julie M. McCarthy, The University of Western Ontario
  • Mindy Molson, University of California - Los Angeles
  • Julie Aitken Harris, The University of Western Ontario
  • Kerry L. Jang, University of British Columbia
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
12-1-1998
URL with Digital Object Identifier
http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/136905298320566195
Disciplines
Abstract

With the recent resurgence in popularity of trait theories of leadership, it is timely to consider the genetic determination of the multiple factors comprising the leadership construct. Individual differences in personality traits have been found to be moderately to highly heritable, and so it follows that if there are reliable personality trait differences between leaders and non-leaders, then there may be a heritable component to these individual differences. Despite this connection between leadership and personality traits, however, there are no studies of the genetic basis of leadership using modern behavior genetic methodology. The present study proposes to address the lack of research in this area by examining the heritability of leadership style, as measured by self-report psychometric inventories. The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ), the Leadership Ability Evaluation, and the Adjective Checklist were completed by 247 adult twin pairs (183 monozygotic and 64 same-sex dizygotic). Results indicated that most of the leadership dimensions examined in this study are heritable, as are two higher level factors (resembling transactional and transformational leadership) derived from an obliquely rotated principal components factors analysis of the MLQ. Univariate analyses suggested that 48% of the variance in transactional leadership may be explained by additive heritability, and 59% of the variance in transformational leadership may be explained by non-additive (dominance) heritability. Multivariate analyses indicated that most of the variables studied shared substantial genetic covariance, suggesting a large overlap in the underlying genes responsible for the leadership dimensions.

Citation Information
Andrew M. Johnson, Philip A. Vernon, Julie M. McCarthy, Mindy Molson, et al.. "Nature vs. Nurture: Are Leaders Born or Made? A Behavior Genetic Investigation of Leadership Style" Twin Research Vol. 1 Iss. 4 (1998) p. 216 - 223
Available at: http://works.bepress.com/andrewjohnson/96/